Quick start examples
C++
After following the Installation guide you will be able to compile and run your first C++ dCGP program,
put the following text into a getting_started.cpp
file:
1#include <iostream>
2#include <dcgp/expression.hpp>
3#include <dcgp/kernel_set.hpp>
4#include <audi/gdual.hpp>
5
6using namespace dcgp;
7
8int main() {
9 // 1- Instantiate a random expression using the 4 basic arithmetic operations
10 kernel_set<audi::gdual_d> basic_set({"sum", "diff", "div", "mul"});
11 // Number of independent variables (input dimensionality of the expression)
12 unsigned n_input = 1u;
13 // Number of outputs (output dimensionality of the expression)
14 unsigned n_output = 1u;
15 // Number of rows of the cartesian representation of the expression
16 unsigned rows = 1u;
17 // Number of columns of the cartesian representation of the expression
18 unsigned cols = 6u;
19 // Number of levels-back (controlling the minimum number of allowed operations in the formula,
20 // if uncertain set it to cols + 1)
21 unsigned lb = 7u;
22 // Arity of the various kernels (the fundamental blocks that build up the expression)
23 unsigned arity = 2u;
24 // Maximum number of costants in the formula (a.k.a. ephemeral constants)
25 unsigned n_eph = 0u;
26 // Random seed used to generate the initial formula and all of its subsequent mutations
27 unsigned seed = 4232123212u;
28
29 expression<audi::gdual_d> ex(n_input, n_output, rows, cols, lb, arity, basic_set(), n_eph, seed);
30
31 // 2 - Define the symbol set to be used in visualizing the expression
32 // (in our case, 1 input variable named "x") and visualize the expression
33 std::vector<std::string> in_sym({"x"});
34 audi::print("Expression: ", ex(in_sym)[0], "\n");
35
36 // 3 - Define a gdual number of value 1.2 and truncation order 2
37 audi::gdual_d x(1.2, "x", 2);
38
39 // 4 - Compute the output of the expression and its second derivative in x = 1.2 and visualize
40 audi::print("\nExpression in x=1.2: \n", ex({x})[0], "\n");
41 audi::print("\nSecond derivative: ", ex({x})[0].get_derivative({2}), "\n");
42
43 // 5 - Mutate the expression with 2 random mutations of active genes and visualize
44 ex.mutate_active(2);
45 audi::print("\nMutated expression: ", ex(in_sym)[0], "\n");
46}
To compile it, create also, in the same folder, a CmakeLists.txt
file with the following content:
project(getting_started)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
find_package(dcgp REQUIRED)
add_executable(getting_started getting_started.cpp)
target_link_libraries(getting_started Dcgp::dcgp)
set_property(TARGET getting_started PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 17)
set_property(TARGET getting_started PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED YES)
set_property(TARGET getting_started PROPERTY CXX_EXTENSIONS NO)
then:
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake ../
$ make
$ ./getting_started
Python
If you have successfully compiled and installed dcgpy following the Installation guide you will be able to test its use by running the following script:
1from dcgpy import expression_gdual_double as expression
2from dcgpy import kernel_set_gdual_double as kernel_set
3from pyaudi import gdual_double as gdual
4
5# 1- Instantiate a random expression using the 4 basic arithmetic operations
6ks = kernel_set(["sum", "diff", "div", "mul"])
7ex = expression(inputs = 1,
8 outputs = 1,
9 rows = 1,
10 cols = 6,
11 levels_back = 6,
12 arity = 2,
13 kernels = ks(),
14 n_eph = 0,
15 seed = 4232123212)
16
17
18# 2 - Define the symbol set to be used in visualizing the expression
19# (in our case, 1 input variable named "x") and visualize the expression
20in_sym = ["x"]
21print("Expression:", ex(in_sym)[0])
22
23# 3 - Print the simplified expression
24print("Simplified expression:", ex.simplify(in_sym))
25
26# 4 - Visualize the dCGP graph
27ex.visualize(in_sym)
28
29# 5 - Define a gdual number of value 1.2 and truncation order 2
30x = gdual(1.2, "x", 2)
31
32# 6 - Compute the output of the expression and its second derivative in x = 1.2 and print
33print("Expression in x=1.2:", ex([x])[0])
34print("Second derivative:", ex([x])[0].get_derivative([2]))
35
36# 5 - Mutate the expression with 2 random mutations of active genes and print
37ex.mutate_active(2)
38print("Mutated expression:", ex(in_sym)[0])
Place it into a getting_started.py
text file and run it with:
$ python getting_started.py
We recommend the use of Jupyter or Ipython to enjoy dcgpy
the most.